Application

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM₁ on the cell surface. The A subunit catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gα_s), reducing GTPase activity and activating the α-subunit. This activation of Gα_s leads to an increase in the activity of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increased levels of cAMP. Also ADP-ribosylates transducin in the eye rod outer segments, inactivating its GTPase activity. Cholera toxin has also been reported to ADP-ribosylate tubulin. Shown to be a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant, inducing T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12.

Features and Benefits

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Packaging

Package size based on protein content.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA

Reconstitution

When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN₃, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.